Exam Notes - Strategic Management Analysis Essay - 1

Test Notes - Strategic Management Analysis - Essay Example The organization takes part in the matter of delivering electric vehicles that are more proficient and speaking to numerous clients than the steam vehicles. It exists to improve the ecological conditions that the past trains have corrupted because of the significant level of ozone harming substances that they transmit into the air. Notwithstanding the unbending nature and multifaceted nature of the engine business, Better Place Company helps out all partners to control a sisable piece of the overall industry and beat rivalry. For instance, the organization targets corporate customers to be the possible purchasers of electric vehicles it means to produce. This gathering of partners is basic in light of the fact that the focused on shoppers can impact the activities in the organization by either pushing it to accomplishment in the market or diminishing its strength in the event that they won't buy the items. Governments are the second significant partners for the organization. They inc orporate national governments and neighborhood specialists of the nation and explicit territories where the organization works an establishment. For example, the organization works in the United States and expects to open branches in Israel, Denmark, Japan, Canada, and Australia among others all inclusive. The branch in Israel is noteworthy to the organization since it has some expertise in innovative work to improve the nature of yield. This implies the organization must work with the particular administration of every nation to guarantee continuous tasks and maintainability. These administrations are similarly significant in light of the fact that their strategies, in regions of tax collection and electric utility may influence the organization. The other significant class of partners for this organization is its providers. This gathering incorporates vehicle producers, battery organizations and investment firms whose commitments and impacts to the organization are colossal. For i nstance, funding firms are imperative to the association since they give the truly necessary cash-flow to startup. For example, they helped the organization to raise a sum of $200 million to start the business (Etzion and Struben 2011, p. 2). Battery makers, including Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd, A123 Systems and Automotive Energy Supply Corporation are additionally critical on the grounds that they would give network to the electronic vehicles with exchanging stations, situated to charge and trade batteries so the vehicles would transform them at accommodation (Etzion and Struben 2011, p. 6). Also, there must be battery chargers at each station capacitated to charge the batteries inside the most limited time conceivable. The vehicle producers, for example, General Motors, Ford, Subaru, Mitsubishi, and Toyota would give specialists who will add to the improvement of the electric vehicles (Etzion and Struben 2011, p. 12). Figure1: Stakeholder Analysis Topic 2 - Industry and Scenario An alyses In this situation, the examination is on Porter’s five powers, including the providers, expected participants, purchasers, substitutes, and serious competition that remarkably affect the advancement of the organization (Porter 2008, p. 3). Unquestionably, the organization comprehends that adjustments in the methods for transportation originated from the need to counter the expanding animals’ squanders and annoyance that they caused in urban focuses. Different changes that required the assembling of electric vehicles were the reception of clean vitality and other fluid powers, which incorporate ethanol, lamp oil and gas notwithstanding petroleum (Etzion and Struben

Research report assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research report task - Essay Example xpect and acknowledge that force is disseminated unequally† (Hofstede) as exemplified in Japan shows the acknowledgment of imbalance in power structure that resounds in the business applications. As expressly uncovered, â€Å"some outsiders experience Japan as very various leveled as a result of their business experience of meticulously moderate dynamic procedure: all the choices must be affirmed by each progressive layer lastly by the top administration in Tokyo† (Hofstede standard. 4). In this way, in Japan, dynamic is relied upon to be founded on more gathering accord and auxiliary various leveled levels are seen before the endorsement of the man on the highest point of the authoritative structure. The element of independence is translated as the â€Å"the level of relationship a general public keeps up among its members† (Hofstede standard. 5). It was in this way recognized Japanese culture is a greater number of collectivists than individualists. In the scale that thinks about U.S. measurements of culture with that of Japan, it was obviously evident that the U.S. shows prevalence in independence, with a score of 91 when contrasted with Japan’s 46. In that capacity, the accompanying qualities were noted to show community: U.S.’s 62. This is characteristic of a general public and culture that is â€Å"driven by rivalry, accomplishment and achievement, with progress being characterized by the champ/best in field †a worth framework that begins in school and proceeds all through hierarchical behavior† (Hofstede standard. 7). In like manner, as indicated by DHerbais, et al., â€Å"the (nearly) complete nonattendance of communicated feeling, emotions and suddenness during collaborations overwhelms Japanese associations. Regard for older folks in Japanese Japan scored amazingly high in vulnerability evasion (92), demonstrating their revultion for vulnerability. As needs be, it is accounted for that it requires some investment for Japanese to embrace new tasks because of the should be sure all things considered and features that impact them. As

MPA in Development Practice Information Session COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

MPA in Development Practice Information Session COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA offers seven different degree programs and as a reminder, this blog focuses mainly on our two-year, full-time MIA and MPA degree programs that have been in place for decades.   However, SIPA also started a new two-year, full-time degree program this year the MPA in Development Practice. While the skills developed in the MPA-DP are similar to our other two-year programs, it also has a unique focus on development issues in Africa and the entering class is much smaller.   You can learn more about the MPA-DP program through attending an information session and by utilizing the contact information below. MPA-DP Information Session Date: Wednesday, November 11, 2009 from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm Location:   Columbia University, Morningside Campus, International Affairs Building, Picker Center Conference Room Contact:   Catherine Q. Aldrich, cqa2@columbia.edu or call 212-854-9610 RSVP:   Register Here Event Description: Speaker:     Glenn Denning, Director, MPA in Development Practice; Professor of Professional Practice, Faculty of International and Public Affairs; Associate Director, Center for Globalization and Sustainable Development, The Earth Institute, Columbia University. The Columbia University Masters of Public Administration in Development Practice (MPA DP) presents an information session for prospective students with Glenn Denning, Director, MPA in Development Practice; Professor of Professional Practice, Faculty of International and Public Affairs; Associate Director, Center for Globalization and Sustainable Development, The Earth Institute, Columbia University.   Open to the public. For more information on the MPA in Development Practice click here. Web Site:   http://sipa.columbia.edu/mdp Application Deadline for Fall 2010: January 5, 2009

Social Phobia Or Social Anxiety Disorder - 1003 Words

Social phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD), and Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) are both characterized by having significant interference in social situations. This essay will focus on a cognitive view to explain the similarities and differences between them. Lifetime prevalence of SAD fall between 5%-13% (Furmark, 2002; Grant et al., 2005), and 0.5%-5% for AVPD (Torgersen, Kringlen, Cramer, 2001; and Grant, Stinson, Dawson, Chou, Ruan, 2005) (as cited in Hummelen, Wilberg, Pederson, Karterud, 2007, p. 348). Cox, Pagura, Stein, and Sareen, (2009) have found high co-occurrences between SAD and AVPD (36.4%) and it has been questioned whether the two disorders are the same with different levels of severity. Further support†¦show more content†¦Also, a key criterion indicates that the reaction must also be out of proportion to the actual situation. An AVPD individual may exhibit anxious-related behaviours because of their negative mindset, but this is not a key feature for diagnosis. The distinction between both disorders are the emphasis of fear of the social situation (SAD), compared to the fear of being negatively evaluated by others (AVPD). Hirsch and Clark (2004) suggests that individuals with social phobia (SP) experience information processing bias – meaning they experience social situations differently. Individuals with SAD were more self-critical, had negative expectations, and better at recognizing negative expressions on faces (Hirsch Clark, 2004). When anticipating a social interaction, SAD individuals recalled more negative and less positive traits about themselves (Hirsch Clark, 2004). This can explain their fear, and anxiety, because they were afraid their actions would be negatively evaluated by others (e.g. if they forgot, or stumbled over their lines during a presentation causing embarrassment). On the other hand, AVPD individuals avoid social situations because of their dysfunctional way of thinking. They hold very negative evaluations of themselves - that they are socially inadequate and unlikeable (Beck et al., 2001). Thus, they expect others to reject them. For example, AVPD individuals were m ore likely to agree with following statementShow MoreRelatedSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. JeffersonRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder : Social Phobia Disorder1654 Words   |  7 PagesSocial anxiety is â€Å"a fear of humiliation or of being judged by others, and an avoidance of social situations where attention centers on the individual† (Martis). According to the Social Anxiety Institute, social anxiety has become the third largest psychologica l disorder, following depression and alcoholism (Richards). Commonly, victims of this social phobia have problems pursuing social environments, interactions, and relationships (â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder†). The failure to fulfill daily requirementsRead MoreSocial Phobia Disorder And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay809 Words   |  4 Pagesuncomfortable events that include social interaction. Nerves can sometimes trigger anxiety during classroom interactions, job interviews, or other social events. It is almost normal to stand in front of a crowd and feel like you’re being judged constantly and tremble. There is a major difference between nerves and an anxiety disorder. When someone sufferers with social anxiety, they normally avoid situations that allow them to feel judged by others. I believe that social phobia can be resolved in some individualsRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Social Phobia )1823 Words   |  8 Pagesbeing shy. If a child is avoiding social inte raction or staying in a quiet place to escape embarrassment, they might be experiencing Social Anxiety Disorder. Other symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder are sweating, has a racing heart, has shortness of breath, or being scared of other people that may be thinking about you being nervous then that child might be experiencing Social Anxiety Disorder. Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as Social Phobia, is a disorder that people generally experienceRead MoreSocial anxiety (or social phobia) is a disorder that alienates people and causes them to avoid600 Words   |  3 PagesSocial anxiety (or social phobia) is a disorder that alienates people and causes them to avoid social situations at all costs. It is described by the National Institute of Mental Health as â€Å"a strong fear of being judged by others and of being embarrassed (NIMH).† This means that people with this disorder have a fear of people’s thoughts and as a result will try to isolate themselves from ot hers. Social anxiety has a very large limit as to the things that can trigger it. It can go from the simplestRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder And Social Phobia1803 Words   |  8 Pages Social anxiety disorder or social phobia, is can be progressively debilitating condition which may affect individuals for the duration of their lives and with low rates of recovery among patients (Chartier, Hazen, Stein, M.B, 1998). Studies have shown that the disorder has an early onset with symptoms manifesting on average at age 16 in most adolescents. Social anxiety disorder features intense feelings of irrational fear of possible embarrassment and scrutiny of others during social situationsRead MoreEssay on Social Phobia Disorder1149 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Phobia Social phobia is a kind of disorder, which involves fear regarding societal situations and accomplishable destructive criticism. Social phobia is the greatest general psychiatric problem in epidemiological examination, with estimation of life time occurrence in western circle as more as 16%. Common phobia generally come out in adolescence and is associated with deep distress, destruction and comorbid problem. Females in clinical trials are higher possible than males to social anxietyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1262 Words   |  6 Pagessociety anxiety plays a huge role in our daily lives. Imagine being in front of a crowd of people feeling nervous, anxious, and even avoiding eye contact? Many people experience these symptoms of anxiety. There are many different types of anxiety disorders. Catching early signs of complications can lead to better treatment and acknowledgment. Gaining knowledge about anxiety and some of the different types of Anxiety Disorders, l ike Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder can beRead MoreEssay on Anxiety Disorder and the Different Types677 Words   |  3 PagesAnxiety is the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis and brings together several disorders. These disorders cause fear, worry, panic and apprehension. Anxiety is different from fear to the extent that it is a reaction to an anticipated problem and fear is a reaction to a present problem or danger. The fear, worry, panic and apprehension caused by anxiety disorders are out of proportion. People suffering from an anxiety disorder have difficulties coping with certain situations in life; anxietyRead MoreThe History of Phobias Essay1117 Words   |  5 PagesPhobias have been in existence for many years. Phobias date back to the works of Hippocrates, a prehistoric Greek physician (Korgeski, 2009). The works of Hippocrates are still debated today. In The Seventh Book of Epidemics, one of the publications by Hippocrates, he studi ed an individual and he interpreted a condition that the person portrayed. The results of the observation were that the individual was petrified of the sound of a flute, if he wasn’t intoxicated. He noticed the individual was

Entrepreneur interview personal analysis Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Lecturer: Presentation: Entrepreneur Analysis Innovativeness The entrepreneur demonstrated innovative traits in his efforts to establish the business. He realized that catering services were lacking in the market and decided to take the opportunity to venture in the business. This is a tactical business strategy that allows a business to establish without competition and to acquire a great market share. The entrepreneur was self confident and started the business ignoring any uncertainties that would be faced after leaving his job as a waiter (Burns, 2011). He asserted that his job as a waiter was well paid, yet he took the bold step of fulfilling his desire to venture in to the business. Ardichvili et al. (2003) observes that if there were no self confident entrepreneurs to venture in to new businesses, then there would be no business at all. Pro-active and Self Motivated Being pro-active and self motivated was among the significant traits that contributed to the success of the entrepreneur in business. Being decisive than other people made it possible to make a choice regarding the suitability of the site for a business. We will write a custom essay sample on Entrepreneur interview & personal analysis or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Such entrepreneurs act quickly to take advantage of an emerging opportunity before anyone else (Burns, 2011). Laggards usually wait for others to establish businesses so that they can observe their success or failure to make a decision. The interviewee demonstrated determination to succeed in business despite the challenges it posed to personal life such as lack of time to think about marrying. Intrinsically motivated people usually derive satisfaction from what they do (Pink 2009). Intrinsic motivation was the significant driver to accomplish entrepreneurial goals making the entrepreneur happy and contented regardless of these challenges. He was determined to work more hours than he did at that particular time. Learning through Actions Learning in this investment has been as a result of actions whereby the outcome of the activities engaged in is the source of essential information for greater investments. For example, the interviewee asserts that he was not sure what to expect in the business. Nevertheless, the idea of operating in a unique manner was expected to augment efforts of attracting customers especially due to the fact that there were no similar shops offering a variety of services as the interviewee’s shop. According to Littunen (2000) creativity is significant in marketing since it helps in generating the right market mix to serve the desires of a wide range of customer demands.

The Brain Its Functions Free Essays

Opening Notes: * Interest and research in the brain is at an all-time pace The cure for some common diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis has accelerated the efforts of many scientists * Many of the names for the parts of the brain have come from Latin and Greek words * The easiest way to learn about the brain is to look at it as three divisions; the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain * Modern imaging has allowed us to study the brain and locate where important functions are occurring * Functions do not happen in just one area of the brain Many neural layers and areas are found in any one activity that happens. * Some areas do appear to be predominantly involved in certain functions. The hindbrain: * The hindbrain is located where the spinal cord goes into the cranium * The first area that we see if the medulla. We will write a custom essay sample on The Brain Its Functions or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the swelling at the tip of the spinal cord. * It is concerned with all of our automatic functioning, such as breathing, heart rate and swallowing medulla: controls all involuntary responses * reticular formation: regulates sleep and wakefulness reticular formation: regulates sleep and wakefulness Inside the medulla is the reticulum activation system It is concerned with arousal, attention and sleep * The second part of the hindbrain that we see is the cerebellum Is sometimes called the small brain cerebellum: controls coordinated motor activity e. g when you first learn to ride a bike, you have to think about everything you do. After you learn to ride a bike, it becomes totally automatic, and that is because of the cerebellum * The next part that we see is the pons Pons means bridge in Greek and that’s exactly what the pons is * It is a bridge taking in all of our sensory information and taking it to the cortex to be interpreted. pons: the bridge from brainstem to cortex The midbrain: * The midbrain takes all of the incoming neural information and channels it to the correct part of the cortex to be interpreted. * It is also involved in muscle tone and helps in sleep, wakefulness and attention. The forebrain: * It is the most complicated part of the brain, and it is what separates us as human beings from other animals. When we first look inside the skull, what we see is the cerebrum. * The cerebrum is composed of two parts called hemispheres; the right side and the left side * The outer covering of the cerebrum is called the cortex * It is made up of what is called convolutions – the worm-like structures that you see when you look at the brain convolutions: folds in the brain that store memories * We can look at the cortex in anoth er way and divide the cortex into four sections called lobes; function of the lobe is to interpret information coming in from our senses cortex: surface layer of brain Lobes: * Located in the back of the head is the occipital lobe. * The occipital lobe processes visual information, or what we see. occipital lobe: interprets visual information * Coming to the top of the head is the parietal lobe. * The parietal lobe processes information on pain, touch, temperature and pressure parietal lobe: interprets temperature, pain, pressure and touch * Located on the sides of our head, right above our ears, are the temporal lobes. * The temporal lobes process auditory information, emotion, and have a part in memory temporal lobe: interprets auditory information Located right above our forehead is our frontal lobe; it is the largest part of the cortex and the part of our brain that makes us human. * It is involved in speech production, logical and rational thought, and has the ability to understand and plan the future. frontal lobe: controls speaking, thought and future planning * There are two areas behind the frontal lobe. * The first one is the motor cortex and it interprets our muscular sensations. motor cortex: controls voluntary movements Right behind it is the sensory cortex and it is the part of the cortex that tries to coordinate all of the information coming in from all of our senses. sensory cortex: processes body sensations Inside of the cerebrum is the limbic system: * The limbic system is a primitive part of the cerebral cortex. It is made up of several parts that have a function in the everyday working of the brain * The first part is the corpus callosum. corpus callosum: connects the hemispheres of the brain * It is a band of nerve fibers that hold the right and left hemisphere together. It allows the right side of our brain to know what the left side is doing, and the left side to know what the right side is doing. * The second structure is the thalamus. The thalamus is sort of a relay center of the brain. * It takes in all of the sensory information and takes it to the cortex to be interpreted, and takes it from the cor tex back to the spinal cord to get back to the body. thalamus: relay station for visual, auditory and somatosensory information * The next part is the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus controls all of our drives and tries to maintain homeostasis; homeostasis is an equilibrium at which our body functions best. hypothalamus: controls drives such as hunger, thirst and sex * The next structure is the hippocampus. * The hippocampus is very important in the processing of our short-term memories into long-term memories. * This is the part of the brain that is first attacked by the disease Alzheimer’s. * The hippocampus also helps us in facial recognition. hippocampus: stores short term memories and takes them to long term memories * The next part is the amygdala. The amygdala adds emotion to memory. * It also has a direct role in the formation of our memories. amygdala: holds emotion and emotion laden memories Located inside our frontal lobe are two areas that help in our speech produc tion: * The first is Broca’s area. For most people, all right-handed people, and most left-handed people, Broca’s area is located in the left hemisphere. Broca’s area: controls our ability to speak * This allows us to speak. It coordinates what we want to say with our tongues and our muscles. The next area is located a little bit behind Broca’s area more toward the temporal lobe is Werniche’s area. * Werniche’s area allows us to understand what is spoken to us. Werniche’s area: creates the understanding of written and spoken language Lateralization in Epilepsy Patient: * Patients with severe epilepsy have allowed us to discover another important concept about our brains. * To help severe epileptics when drugs failed, a dramatic operation was performed and it involved cutting the corpus callosum. Separating the hemispheres allows the seizures to be localized and not spread from hemisphere to the other. Split-brain patients learn that t he hemispheres will have distinct, different functions; this is called lateralization. Hemispheres: * The left hemisphere controls the right side of the body. * It also coordinates our language abilities because it has both Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area in it. * The left side is also the logical, rational brain and excels in such areas as science and math. left hemisphere: controls language, logic and sequential tasks * The right hemisphere controls the left side of the body. It excels in spatial abilities. * It is our artistic and musical part of our brain. It also has a function in detecting and emoting emotions. * In all but split-brain patients, we use all of our brains and both hemispheres since they communicate with each other. * The right hemisphere knows what is happening in the left hemisphere, and the left hemisphere knows what’s going on in the right hemisphere. right hemisphere: controls spatial-visual tasks, facial recognition and creativity Extr a Keywords (NEED TO KNOW THESE): * septum: controls and create rageful behavior * cerebrum: the largest part of the brain divided into two hemispheres How to cite The Brain Its Functions, Essay examples

Managerial Accounting Engineering Asset Management - Sample

Question: Describe about the Managerial Accounting for Engineering asset Management. Answer: 1. Summarizing the process, that Deb Young used to develop a balanced scorecard for GPI Business Director Deb Young mainly projected process whereby he was of the opinion for fundraising activities. Necessary funding helps in operations as well as for becoming successful in the upcoming financial year of GPI (Eldenburg, 2011). Deb Young uses balanced scorecard for carrying out business operations in certain way. It is one of the mechanism for communicating goals as well as objectives in providing diagnostic information in case of agency operations as far as possible. 2. Identifying advantages and disadvantages of balanced scorecard at GPI Advantages of balanced scorecard at GPI Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses balanced scorecard in presenting organizational goals into single page chart broken in specified areas of operation. Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses balanced scorecard that allows companies in bridging gap between mission statement as well as overarching goals for daily operational activities. The main goal is to please customer for improving in the technical support performance in increased Service Level Agreement. Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) raises innovation as well as process improvement methods like six sigma and lean manufacturing in attainment of corporate goal. Disadvantages of balanced scorecard at GPI Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses balanced scorecard approach that is subjective in nature. It cannot be quantified in case of surveys as well as management opinion. Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses balanced scorecard approach that is overly abstract in nature. Company fails in meeting balanced scorecard goals for interpretation of current state of affairs. 3. Developing proposed balanced scorecard in presenting Board of Directors at next meeting Balanced Scorecard is one of the strategies planning as well as management system used in extensive form in Great Persons, Inc. (GPI). Figure: Balanced Scorecard of Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) (Source: Epstein Lee, 2011) Learning and Growth Perspective Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses learning and growth perspective includes employee training as well as corporate culture attitudes. It relates to individual as well as corporate self-improvement for future analysis purpose (Bhattacharyya, 2011). Business Process Perspective Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses business process perspective in internal business activities that allows managers for confirming customer requirements. Customer Perspective Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses customer perspective for increased realization of customer satisfaction at the particular business organization. Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) provides visual means for demonstration of certain goals. It helps in increased improvement of sales under financial section. It aims at improving customer service. Financial Perspective Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses financial perspective takes financial data for upcoming financial year. Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) uses balanced scorecard approach that fails in including direct financial analysis of economic value or risk management activities. 4. Strategy Map for setting CSF included in balanced scorecard Figure: Strategy Map for setting CSF included in balanced scorecard (Source: Lee, 2014) Great Persons, Inc. (GPI) generates perspectives as well as critical success factors in generating ideas as far as possible. The Committee decides in generating innovative ideas for balanced scorecard critical success factors with the help of nominal group techniques. This will help in rendering viable information as well as future strategic decision-making process at the same time (Atkinson, 2012). This will result in conducting quality service improvement for measuring and recognizing importance of adequate funding in the most appropriate way. Reference List Atkinson, A. (2012).Management accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall. Bhattacharyya, D. (2011).Management accounting. Noida, India: Pearson. Eldenburg, L. (2011).Management accounting. Milton, Qld.: John Wiley Sons. Epstein, M. Lee, J. (2011).Advances in management accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Lee, J. (2014).Engineering asset management 2011. London: Springer.

Why I Picked Speech Essays - Speech And Language Pathology

Why I Picked Speech The science field of communication disorders has been of interest to me since my early childhood years. As a toddler, my younger brother Paul suffered forma severe ear infection, which caused him to lose fifty percent of his hearing. Due to this, Paul developed a speech impediment. At the age of seven I was introduced to the communication disorders field when I accompanied my brother for his first speech lesson. I remember observing through a one way mirror as the speech pathologist worked with my brother on pronunciations, syllables and playing phonics games. I recall the session as being fun and enjoyable both for Paul and the speech pathologist. My brother went to numerous sessions after this, and with my curiosity, I also attended. Now at the age of fifteen Paul has no impediment. No one would ever know he once had difficulties speaking. I enjoyed watching these lessons, and as I grew older, my curiosity grew even stronger, which made me investigate this field as a career. Due to this childhood experience, I have decided that communication disorders is the field I wish to study for my future career. Knowing the difficulty of this field has made my dedication to my academics even stronger. Throughout my four years of high school I have tried to take courses related to the communication disorders and science fields. I have been a hard working student throughout my years of schooling, because one day I hope to have an impact on children's lives the way someone did my brother's. I am an excellent candidate for the Massachusetts Association of Insurance Women, Inc. Scholarship because I have proved to be a dedicated and involved student during my Taunton High School career. Throughout my four years of high school I have excelled academically and athletically. I have been an extremely busy student. Currently The vice president of my high school, I have obtained the respect of both my peers and faculty. Many of our school functions have been left to my responsibility, such as ?Spirit Week?, ?Senior Week?, proms, school dances and more. Besides being one of the leaders of my school, I am also the captain of the Taunton High Swim Team and have been in charge of many other school and outside related committees, including the Advisory Board which converses with our school committee to discuss ways to make Taunton High a better place. Dedicating much of my time to school related activities, has been a wonderful experience. As I further my education, I plan to contin ue my involvement and further pursue my leadership qualities. Although I feel I have been an asset to my school, my desire to achieve my dream of becoming a speech pathologist can not be accomplished by dedication and inspiration alone. Being the hard worker that I am will get me far, but in this day and age money is also a necessity. Each college that I have applied and been accepted to, including Northeastern University and the University of New Hampshire requires immense sums of money. I am hoping that a good financial aid package will help defray expenses, but I know that I will need assistance from other organizations to achieve my goal. Speech and Communication Essays

The Ascension of Western Influence on the World essays

The Ascension of Western Influence on the World essays Fifteenth century improvements in the ability to wage war developed by leveraging gunpowder technology allowed western civilization to create the first truly global empires. As a result, between 1500 and 1800, these empires expanded their influence to about 35 percent of the world's surface.[1] Those civilizations that succumbed had no time to adopt western military technology, failed to integrate it into their existing system, or didn't properly deploy it in battle. The first of these improvements was the siege gun. Its use during the French invasion of Italy in 1494-1495 reduced the time it previously took an army to breach a town's walls from days to hours.[2] Cities once thought impregnable were captured with ease. In 1519, Niccolo Machiavelli wrote, "No wall exists... that artillery cannot destroy in a few days."[3] Invariably, this led to a new system of defense. First, fortress walls were built lower and thicker. The new wall design included artillery towers built at regular intervals to cover blind spots and interlock defensive fires. Then, a wide and deep ditch was dug around the fortification to keep enemy artillery at a greater distance and to increase the difficulty of mining the walls with gunpowder.[4] Capturing a stronghold defended by this new design, required sieges of months, if not years, effectively countering the technological advantage of gunpowder. These new fortresses changed the tactics of war. For every battle fought there were numerous sieges. This required the growth of western armies to At the same time that the army sizes were increasing, the advent of reliable small arms altered the tactics that armies used when they met in the field. The value of cavalry decreased and the infantry consisted of musketeers, ordered in ranks, volley firing. Again, new tactics were developed to counter this development, and armies began to spread out during ba...

Strategic Analysis of Facebook Inc Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Analysis of Facebook Inc - Term Paper Example In this regard, the business organization selected for the paper is Facebook Inc. Facebook is regarded as one of the most prominent social networking service provider company. The company was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in the year 2004. The company is headquartered in Menlo Park, California. In recent period of time, the company has become quite popular tool of social network among its users (Veer, 2011).The company provides the facility to its user of sharing information, posting their photos and videos, connecting and chatting with other person, joining any group, and playing online and interactive games. In order to avail such social networking facilities provided by the company, the user is required to make his own account on Facebook with the help of its e-mail Id. Nowadays, in order to make the usage of this site easy and convenient; Facebook is available on the user’s smart phone also (Business Summary, 2012). Earlier the firm used to operate as a private business organ ization within the marketplace, but in 2012, the company has become publicly traded corporation by launching one of the largest IPOs in US stock market history (Business Summary, 2012).... Industry Structure and Global Markets The company operates in the industry of Internet Information Providers. In the existing period of time of where Information Technology has become quite advanced and effective, this industry has become quite competitive. This industry can be characterized as wide-ranging competitive industry. In this direction, the company is facing some stiff competition provided by other social networking facility provider company. Among such competitors, some major competitors of the company are Google, Microsoft, and Twitter Inc. In the competition of Facebook, Google has recently launched its social networking utility, namely Google+. Moreover, there are other social networking utilities such as E-buddy, blackberry messenger, Linkdin and so on, which are delivering some intensive competition to the company (Business Summary, 2012). In existing period of time, the company is enjoying some favorable business conditions across the world. As internet penetration across the world is increasing rapidly. Moreover, the interest of young generation towards social networking is also enhancing quite intensively, which shows some positive conditions for the growth of the company (BBC: News Technology, 2011). In direction to this, the company has registered some intensive market growth in terms of international presence. The total number of users of the company across the world can be presented as below: (Source: Facebook Users in the World, 2012). Economics Before the year 2012, the company was not traded on stock market. In May 2012, the company launched its IPO. The opening share price of the company at that period of time was $38, which was considered overvalued by traders.

Criticise my friends business idea....its not really a topic, there is Essay

Criticise my friends business idea....its not really a topic, there is no topic as such - Essay Example For instance, the case study illustrates that there are only thousands of people worldwide that have sought these biohacking magnetic implants. Thus, there is an indication that it could be problematic to gain considerable demand. This is not advantageous for the marketing entity in the provided case study. It might be more advantageous for the friend in the case study to, first, consider a more mass market strategy in order to gain the attention of consumers that would appreciate these magnetic implants. The provided case study is limiting the marketer to a niche market which could also limit profit success. However, there is some possibility that utilising a tattoo chain as the chosen marketing intermediary could have some degree of success. For example, a recent study showed that consumers in their 20s, today, are happy with life and seek to explore having fun and tend to be attracted toward a variety of premium products which seek to build social identity (Executive Digest 2008). It is rather commonly understood, from a marketing perspective, that tattooing is often an outward expression of self identity and uniqueness from a social perspective. Thus, theoretically, this would be an ideal channel for marketing and sales focus by providing unique products to a younger market that is seeking adventure and the desire to explore fun. The case study provided evidence that magnetic implants could, in theory, create a new type of emotional experience by allowing the consumer that accepts these implants to be different from others in society or in their own age group. Why is this important in supporting the plans for the â€Å"friend† in selecting the tattooing chain as the appropriate marketing solution? Marketing and social sciences teach businesspersons that individuals in society often make what is referred to as social comparisons, the process of viewing others in the social environment and identifying how one might be superior to others (Suls, Martin a nd Wheeler 2002). People in society, as a rather homogenous whole, want to believe that they are superior to those through which social comparisons occur. A person’s total well-being, according to theory, is greatly enhanced when one believes they have this superiority over others in society (Taylor and Brown 1988). Magnetic implants, which would theoretically provide opportunities to sense electromagnetic fields or even pick up metal objects utilising only their skin (via assistance from the implant) is currently something that is not common in society. Hence, it would give the individual who receives the implant the ability to enhance their personal and emotional well-being as they would have opportunities to constantly make positive social comparisons and feel superior to others. With this in mind, the marketing entity in the provided case study is selecting tattoo chains as a proper marketing channel as this environment already provides said uniqueness that often services a need to show others in the social environment that they are different and helps to confirm and affirm self-identity. Morgan and Hunt (1994) further emphasise that relationship marketing is a strategy that can enhance the viability of a brand as it provides loyalty and often leads to positive word of mouth. Tattoo chains not only have to provide quality art products (as

Business Operations Of Myer Holdings Limited

Business Operations Of Myer Holdings Limited Myer Holdings Limited possesses 66 stores across the Australia, being Australias largest non-discount department store chain. Myer provides customers a broad range of product categories and a wide selection of domestic and international brands at multiple price points. To maintain the dominance in the market, Myer has signed 14 lease agreements for new stores, redeveloped Melbourne flagship store to an international class standard; expand MYER one loyalty program, together with installation of a new point-of -sale system. On 2nd November 2009, Myer was listed on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) after an initial public offering. Business Operation Nature of revenue resources Sales revenue grows up 0.7%  [1]  to $332.24 million in FY2010  [2]  . As shown in the Figure 1, 3.7 million MYER one members contribute 68% of sales. It is potential to grow top-line sales through existing and new members. Myer also generates more revenue predominantly through interest charges and annual fees, as 35,600 new Myer Visa cards signed up in FY2010. Total MYER one Gold card holders are now in excess of 20,000, who spend more than $7,500 per annum. Underlying earnings were supported by better margins from its growing line of exclusive brands, now accounting for 17 % of its business  [3]  . Concession operator sales are $103,712,000 for FY2010, which is made from providing store space for well-established brands, comprising of payments for floor space and/or a percentage of gross sales. Myers corporate and wedding services are another revenue streams. Myer Gifts and Myers online sales channel further support merchandising revenue, being anticipated to have a larger presence in the next 5 years. Conduct of Operations Myer is the largest multi-category department store chain in Australia. In order to stand out in the competitive industry, Myer employed a strong, clear growth strategy which is built on four key pillars: comparable store sales, gross margin improvement, new store opening and reductions in the cost. According to the financial annual reports, earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) increased significantly from $165 million to $236 million since 2007 and keep growing to between $265 million to $272 million in 2010. Myers vision of being an international class retail business has set up an iconic and reputable brand, together with Myer Loyalty program to retain and expand customer base in order to increase sales. Myer has opened 65 stores in prime retail locations in Australia and Bernie Brookes, and 14 new stores are planned to open over the next four years. Myer utilizes new store rollout to achieve a larger scale business. Chief Executive Officer points out that the investment in the implementation of CCTV is completed which is anticipated to reduce losses from theft. Myer also establish a new POS system to generate productivity and customer services improvements. Improve markdown management which is expected to be done by smart allocation of products and better sourcing is developed in order to reduce the operation costs and achieve a rising gross margin. Products services and markets Myer operates a consumer loyalty program and offers a large number of Australian households more than 600,000 product lines, comprising 2,400 brands sourced from over 800 international suppliers. Myers product consist of eleven core categories: womenswear, menswear, youth fashion, childrenswear, intimate apparel, beauty, fragrance and cosmetics, homewares, electrical goods, toys, fashion accessories, and general merchandise. Products are sold across a number of markets defined by their price points: Permanent Value, Attainable Fashion, Inspired Designs, Affordable Luxury and Premium Luxury, ensuring depth of range and broad customer appeal. Myer has a suite of services to support its business, partnering with Visa and QBE to provide credit facilities, such as the Myer Visa card and comprehensive MYER Insurance coverage for customers. There has also been focus on the expansion of Myers online store presence, gift cards, corporate services and bridal and gift registries in 2009, Myer entered a partnership with Red Balloon, Australias leading supplier of experiential gifts to further develop its gift registry business. Industry Conditions: Market and Competition Myer is Australias largest non-discount department store chain in retail industry. Supplies are vital to department stores success, with department stores clamouring to secure exclusive supplier agreements with popular brands. Regardless of increasing bargaining power of suppliers and lower switching costs, increasing entry barriers to this industry as a result of expansion of existing players, strong brand loyalty, high capital costs and high acquisition costs  [4]  have ensured the competitive environment remains high, yet steady. Despite the main rival, David Jones, Myer also competes with specialty stores, especially footwear and apparel, and discount department stores such as Target, Big W, and Kmart. Pharmacies present significant competition in fragrances and cosmetics. Regulatory Environment The Board of Myer Holdings Limited adopts corporate governance to improve performance of managers and employees to be consistent with shareholders expectations. The Myers code also provides legal guidelines of conducts and behaviours which must aware and comply with laws and regulations relevant to Myers operations, including occupational health and safety, fair-trading and dealing, privacy and employment practices. Considering of commercial leases is needed to open a new shopping centre, signing contracts and agreements require compliances with retail tenancy legislation. Additionally, Myer Holdings Limited needs to comply with the Corporations law which is established to provide rules and responsibilities to stakeholders. As Myer Holdings Limited is listed on the ASX, it is also required continuous and transparent disclosure of its financial reports and any significant events and transactions. Moreover, Myer should follow the Trade Practices Act supported by the Australian Competit ion and Consumer Commission (ACCC) with aim of protecting customer rights. Breaching this can be fined severely by Federal Court. PEST Analysis: Political In general Australia has a stable political environment and relatively low political risk. The Government is implementing economic reforms to strengthen and secure the economy. This will ensure Australia is well positioned to fully benefit from the opportunities created by strong growth in our region, and ensuring that all Australians share in the benefits of a strong economy  [5]  . The government is achieving this by means of closer relationships with emerging economies such as China, free trade agreements with China, Japan and Korea are currently under negotiation, and the Australian government has signed free trade agreements with New Zealand, Singapore and the United States  [6]  as Myer offers its customer both local and global brands by importing from all over the world. These free trade agreements assist Myer to achieve cost efficiency in its supply chain, however the potential conflict between Australian Standards and other countries standards for a same product may exists and affect Myers supply of these products to its customers. From 1 July 2010, the low income tax offset will increase from $1350 to $1500, the 30% threshold will increase from $35000 to $37000 and the 38% marginal tax rate will decrease to 37%  [7]  . Tax cuts will increase households disposable income which could motivate more expenditure. Myer will potentially benefit from the increasing of household expenditure. Economic Due to the Global financial crisis, Australia economic contracts in 2009, negatively impacting the retail industry and thereby generated an unfavourable environment for Myer. However, the Australian economy had rebounded fairly well. The unemployment rate decreased 0.2 percentage points over August 2010. Moreover, the seasonally adjusted GDP growth rate change from Jun quarter 2009 to Jun quarter 2010 is +3.3%  [8]  . These will enhance the consumer confidence and potentially increase the sales of Myer. Additionally, the consumer price index indicates that the level of inflation has decreased throughout the year (Mar 09 is 3.9, Dec 09 is 3.1, and Jun 10 is 2.7). It may be beneficial to Myer as rising purchasing power of consumers can increase consumption on products offered by Myer. Furthermore, the Australian dollar has appreciated substantially during the year. Myer can take advantage of it since the imported products are cheaper than before. On the other hand, according to the statistic from RBA, it is the fact that RBA has increased the cash rate 6 times for each time being 0.25% since 7 October 2009. The increase of the cash rate leads to a significant amount of interest Myer has to cover. Social Australia is an immigration country with a pluralistic society. In the 2006 Australian census, the most commonly nominated ancestry was Australian (37.13%) followed by English (31.65%), Irish (9.08%), Scottish (7.56%), Italian (4.29%), German (4.09%), Chinese (3.37%), and Greek (1.84%).  [9]  With the diversity in culture and background, the whole society has a positive attitude of welcoming foreign products and services. This is favourable to Myer since Myer provides international-brand products to its customers. Australia has a population of 22 million and centralized around the coasts as shown in Figure2. The geographic distribution of the Myers store portfolio is in line with Australias geographic population distribution, with the majority of stores located in the more densely populated eastern seaboard states  [10]  . Figure 2: Population density, Australia- June 2009  [11]   à ¦Ã…“ ªÃƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ .jpg The Australian society promotes equality between men and women as both genders plays a critical role in the development of the society. Family and leisure are also valuable to Australians. Myers core offering include womens wear, mens wear, childs wear and home wares, and a fun shopping experience is promoted to encourage shopper to visit the department store on leisure time. Furthermore, social responsibility, sustainable development and green issues are praise highly in the Australian society. Myer takes its social responsibility through its community initiatives including donations to natural disasters such as the Victorias bushfire in 2009 and to cancer foundations. Supports of local community events are enhanced by Myers local area marketing program.  [12]   Technical Technology development in e-commerce has enabled electronically commercial transactions. Substantial business opportunities are presented by new technology, online direct marketing and online shopping that enables Myer to reach to a wide range of customers and provides customers convenience and quick responses. However, the increase of online shopping could negatively impact on sales of Myer as customers may purchase merchandises from other online sellers, such as sellers on EBay. Furthermore, information technology system enables company to integrate information across operations and different functional areas of the company, facilitates business process and improves efficiency. For instance, Myer operates merchandising system, MyMerch, on daily basis to deliver the service in the most efficient way. The new PoS and CCTV systems are introduced into Myers stores as well  [13]  . Although new ways of doing business may cause inconvenience or risks to department store shopping at the early stage, technology allows stores to conduct business processes more efficiently and maintain the competitive advantages. Critical Business Risk and Implication: Key Audit Risk: Overstate value of inventory Key Account at risk: Inventory Myer captures around 3.5 million customer visits per week in 2009, failure of its key information technology system such as CCTV results in an increase in the losses from theft. Due to the limitation amounts of attendants, it will pose an audit risk which will affect existence of inventory account. A great percentage of Myers revenue is related with fashion related products which keeps changing rapidly as customer preference is unpredictable. Myers product mixes do not match customer preference can leads to growing amount of the slow-moving, obsolete items in stock. In addition, Myer use MyMerch as its inventory management system. The function of this system also influent the efficiency of logistics. All this factors will have a significant influence on valuation and allocation of inventory account. Financial reports of Myer shows its inventory turnovers slightly declined from 4.0 in 2008 to 3.8 of current year. Considering of sales increased 0.7% since 2008, there may be risks of misstatement in inventory account. Key audit risk: Undervalued of interest expense Account at risk: finance costs The table above shows that RBA has increased cash rate from 3.00% to 4.5% since 8 Apr 2009, as the serious economic contraction in Australia has passed, and the Australian government willing to achieve an inflation rate of 2-3%. According to Myers financial report 2010, Myer has $118million capital expenditure invested  [14]  ; Myer has also dropped plans for fourteen stores which expected to open over the next four years. It is expected that 22% of capital will be financed using debt. The interest rate changing is essential to Myer, as finance cost is significant. In fact, the finance cost decreases from $87,626,000 to $44,570,000  [15]  as the borrowing decrease from $879,005,000 to $419,919,000. Both of the account figure dropped about 50%. That draws attention to the possibility that Myer misstate this account since interest rate has increased significantly. It poses an audit risk which can affect the completeness, accuracy and cut off of finance expense. Key Audit Risk: Overstatement of current year revenue Key Account at risk: Sales Revenue Key assertion at risk: Occurrence Accuracy The sales revenue increased from A$2,798,916,000 to A$2,825,034,000. Simultaneously, cash decreased from A$184,773,000 to A$105,834,000 with trade and other receivables decreased from A$32,897,000 to A$24,045,000. Myers introduces a variety of incentive and bonus programs to the management to improve sales and productivity across all levels and areas of the business. Managements have the incentive to meet the forecasted sales growth disclosed in the prospectus since 2010 is their first FY after listing. Hence, the audit risk relating to the inaccurate evaluation of sales revenue is relatively high. Occurrence and accuracy are considered as major assertions at risk of sales revenue account. Recorded sales invoice and order invoice should be carefully verified to the inventory documents and delivery documents. Nevertheless, cash decreases may due to the purchase of PPE, which increased from A$371,699 million to A$468,050 million. Key Audit Risk: Material error of overstate or understate Accounts Payable amount due to the fluctuation of exchange rate Key Account at risk: Trade payables Key assertion at risk: valuation and allocation Australia currently has a floating exchange rate system and as shown in the graph above the exchange rate is continuous fluctuating. Myer sources its merchandise from over 800 suppliers globally to provide customers with one of the broadest brand offerings by a single retailer in Australia. When Myer imports on credit with a foreign currency, the final payment will be different to the initial recognised amount due to the fluctuation of exchange rate, therefore the trade payable account is either understate or overstate and the valuation and allocation assertion is at the priority position that needs to be examined. The trade payable account decrease from $224,471,000 in 2009 to $216,588,000 in 2010, this might be a result of the high value of Australian Dollar, however with the rapidly expansion of opening new stores, it is expected Myer to purchase more and has a higher amount of trade payable, thus a potential audit risk exists. Key Audit Risk: Valuation of the existing PPE Key Account at risk: Non-current assets: property, plant and equipment Key assertion at risk: Valuation and Allocation For Myer, plant and equipment is stated at cost less depreciation. Myer is now operating 66, and on track to open another 14 new stores by 2014 with scope to grow beyond 80 stores supported by their existing supply chain. It is predictable that the depreciation expenses should increase with the additional depreciable assets. As it is shown in the 09-10 report, the PPE increased from A$371,699,000 to A$468,050,000 in FY2010, whereas, the depreciation of non-current assets PPE expenses decrease from A$47,200,000 to A$41,888,000 in FY10. For these reasons, it might be possible for Myer overstating its PPE account by using off balance sheet account and/or changing depreciation method. It needs more substantive tests in auditing process. Effects of listing on ASX With listing on the ASX, more regulations are imposed on Myer, such as higher standard of disclosures. Myers shareholders would expect a better performance which is reflected by share price and directly related to the dividend. Myer should enhance its performance to maintain at or above certain level, otherwise it will breach of the continuing listing rules of ASX. These would probably place heavy burden on management, hence there is high possibility to deliberately manipulate the accounting numbers to meet the expectations of shareholders and forecasted profits. Therefore, the risks associated with conducting audit of Myers financial statements increases. In order to present the true and fair financial performances and positions of Myer, some issues need to be concerned when preparing audit plan. It is important to make sure the consistency in financial statement throughout the entity. The depreciation and amortization methods must be consistent with previous years. For instance, Myer has been using the straight line depreciation for years; it should be still applied when calculating the depreciation expenses. Moreover, it is necessary to set a lower materiality threshold than previous years due to the higher audit risk. Myer as a publicly listed company, the materiality will be set at 5%-10% of the net profit after tax. However, the managers are motivated to do some creative accounting, that is to manipulate the figures to make the annual statements more attractive to existing and potential investors, involving reporting a higher profit through window dressing revenue and expenses. Therefore, revenues and expenses accounts should be carefully investigated. More substantive testing, particularly tests of details on occurrence, completeness and accuracy and for those accounts need to be employed to ensure that revenues and expenses actually occurred in 2010 truly exist and are recorded appropriately. Furthermore, based on the 2010 Myers annual report, Myer has a total liability over 1 billion. It is likely that managers hide some liabilities to make annual statement more attractive. It is important to test the completeness and valuation and allocation of liability account in details.

Case Study of Bg Group

A. METHODOLOGIES: 1. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Approach: This method offers a wide range of advantages. For instance, the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) is employed in the calculation of the Cost of Equity. Thus, the discounted rate of 7. 58 percent used in figure 1. 12 Appendix is likely to be precise. The total value of the firm is $4. 73 billion. Nonetheless, in view of the probabilities of forecasting errors in the estimation of cash flows, the degree of precision does not guarantee an accurate result.Another drawback of the approach would be the failure to allow for the impacts of real options available to management on future cash flows. Hence, this method is considered as an alternative for crosschecking. The assumptions are the dividends grow constantly in perpetuity at 3 percent and the debt ratio is also constant at 28. 1 percent. For further analysis, please refer to item 2a and 3c in the Appraisal. 2. The EBIT Multiples Approach: Under this methodol ogy, the debt-equity ratio was not required. Thus, the value of the firm is approximately $4. 3 billion after liquidity discount was taken into account. This yields an insignificantly different result compared to the result under the WACC method. However, since the average EBIT multiples strongly depend on the comparable companies in the industry, reliable information is less likely to be available in practice. Therefore, another approach is employed. 3. Adjusted Present Value (APV) Approach: The APV method is more complicated than two methods mentioned earlier inasmuch as it takes account of unlevered value of the firm and the interest tax shield.Recent complexity of the method notwithstanding, APV provides management with an explicit valuation of interest tax shield and an assumption of constant debt-equity ratio is unnecessary. According to figure 1. 10, the total value of the firm before synergies is $5. 02 billion. Nonetheless, this method ignores the costs of financial distres s, which might lead to an overvaluation of the firm with a significantly high debt ratio. 4. Conclusion: Under different methods employed above, the range of difference appears to be immaterial.Thus, the value of the firm before synergies is expected to be approximately $4. 89 billion on average. For the purpose of consistency, APV method is selected for further analysis of the value of the firm both before and after synergies. B. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: 1. Free Cash Flows (FCFs) Valuation: The present value of the cash flows is calculated based on the WACC rate and it is estimated at $1. 28 billion. The rate is used by reason of the assumption of different components, for instance cost of equity and cost of debt. For further information of the assumption, please refer to the Appraisal. . Terminal Values and Long-term Growth: The terminal value before synergies is $3. 45 billion whereas this amount after synergies is $8. 36 billion. In details, the synergies revenues and the backhaul sy nergies savings are the major contributors to the significant difference. Additionally, the terminal value represents the market value of free cash flows from AirThread Connections at all future dates. This, thereby, lends the analyst the plausibility to believe that the discounted rate is equal to the WACC rate of 7. 58 percent.Lastly, to be conservative, that is, in the worst scenario, the figure of growth rate obtained in the Appraisal is around 3. 0 percent. 3. Non-operating Investment in Equity Affiliates: This amount of $1. 72 billion is equal to Equity in Earnings of Affiliates times the historic P/E multiple for the industry at 19. 1. These investments are valued under the market multiple approach because a thorough due diligence is not possible to be conducted. 4. Value of Operating Assets: This value is equivalent to the present value of the target company on a going concern basis.It is estimated at $5. 02 billion before the synergies and at $10. 38 billion after the syner gies. However, since the value of non-operating assets is not taken into account, the total value of the target company is not fully reflected. 5. Enterprise Value: The Enterprise value is equal to the sum of the value of operating assets and the value of nonoperating assets. i. Before Synergies: In this case, the synergies related business revenues and the backhaul synergies savings are not considered. The FCFs ppear to be more immaterial accordingly. It, therefore, leads to a lower Intermediate Term Value of $1. 57 billion and a lower Enterprise Value of $6. 74 billion. ii. After Synergies: With the effect of synergies, the FCFs and, thus, the Enterprise Value of $12. 1 billion appear to be more material. Importantly, the significant difference is contributed by the cost-saving efficiency in backhaul costs and the network utilization. Thus, more advantages would occur. Firstly, administrative expenses such as auditing fees are reduced.Secondly, the market share will, in essence, i ncrease and monopoly gains due to large regional client bases from the target company could be expected. The company will be able to set a higher price and to increase a sheer volume of sales. Also, the company will gain more reputation and the cost of capital will be lower accordingly. Lastly, due to its new size, the company will have more bargain power and the relationships with banking entities will be better. Consequently, the cost of borrowing tends to decrease. Case Study of Bg Group A. METHODOLOGIES: 1. The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) Approach: This method offers a wide range of advantages. For instance, the Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) is employed in the calculation of the Cost of Equity. Thus, the discounted rate of 7. 58 percent used in figure 1. 12 Appendix is likely to be precise. The total value of the firm is $4. 73 billion. Nonetheless, in view of the probabilities of forecasting errors in the estimation of cash flows, the degree of precision does not guarantee an accurate result.Another drawback of the approach would be the failure to allow for the impacts of real options available to management on future cash flows. Hence, this method is considered as an alternative for crosschecking. The assumptions are the dividends grow constantly in perpetuity at 3 percent and the debt ratio is also constant at 28. 1 percent. For further analysis, please refer to item 2a and 3c in the Appraisal. 2. The EBIT Multiples Approach: Under this methodol ogy, the debt-equity ratio was not required. Thus, the value of the firm is approximately $4. 3 billion after liquidity discount was taken into account. This yields an insignificantly different result compared to the result under the WACC method. However, since the average EBIT multiples strongly depend on the comparable companies in the industry, reliable information is less likely to be available in practice. Therefore, another approach is employed. 3. Adjusted Present Value (APV) Approach: The APV method is more complicated than two methods mentioned earlier inasmuch as it takes account of unlevered value of the firm and the interest tax shield.Recent complexity of the method notwithstanding, APV provides management with an explicit valuation of interest tax shield and an assumption of constant debt-equity ratio is unnecessary. According to figure 1. 10, the total value of the firm before synergies is $5. 02 billion. Nonetheless, this method ignores the costs of financial distres s, which might lead to an overvaluation of the firm with a significantly high debt ratio. 4. Conclusion: Under different methods employed above, the range of difference appears to be immaterial.Thus, the value of the firm before synergies is expected to be approximately $4. 89 billion on average. For the purpose of consistency, APV method is selected for further analysis of the value of the firm both before and after synergies. B. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS: 1. Free Cash Flows (FCFs) Valuation: The present value of the cash flows is calculated based on the WACC rate and it is estimated at $1. 28 billion. The rate is used by reason of the assumption of different components, for instance cost of equity and cost of debt. For further information of the assumption, please refer to the Appraisal. . Terminal Values and Long-term Growth: The terminal value before synergies is $3. 45 billion whereas this amount after synergies is $8. 36 billion. In details, the synergies revenues and the backhaul sy nergies savings are the major contributors to the significant difference. Additionally, the terminal value represents the market value of free cash flows from AirThread Connections at all future dates. This, thereby, lends the analyst the plausibility to believe that the discounted rate is equal to the WACC rate of 7. 58 percent.Lastly, to be conservative, that is, in the worst scenario, the figure of growth rate obtained in the Appraisal is around 3. 0 percent. 3. Non-operating Investment in Equity Affiliates: This amount of $1. 72 billion is equal to Equity in Earnings of Affiliates times the historic P/E multiple for the industry at 19. 1. These investments are valued under the market multiple approach because a thorough due diligence is not possible to be conducted. 4. Value of Operating Assets: This value is equivalent to the present value of the target company on a going concern basis.It is estimated at $5. 02 billion before the synergies and at $10. 38 billion after the syner gies. However, since the value of non-operating assets is not taken into account, the total value of the target company is not fully reflected. 5. Enterprise Value: The Enterprise value is equal to the sum of the value of operating assets and the value of nonoperating assets. i. Before Synergies: In this case, the synergies related business revenues and the backhaul synergies savings are not considered. The FCFs ppear to be more immaterial accordingly. It, therefore, leads to a lower Intermediate Term Value of $1. 57 billion and a lower Enterprise Value of $6. 74 billion. ii. After Synergies: With the effect of synergies, the FCFs and, thus, the Enterprise Value of $12. 1 billion appear to be more material. Importantly, the significant difference is contributed by the cost-saving efficiency in backhaul costs and the network utilization. Thus, more advantages would occur. Firstly, administrative expenses such as auditing fees are reduced.Secondly, the market share will, in essence, i ncrease and monopoly gains due to large regional client bases from the target company could be expected. The company will be able to set a higher price and to increase a sheer volume of sales. Also, the company will gain more reputation and the cost of capital will be lower accordingly. Lastly, due to its new size, the company will have more bargain power and the relationships with banking entities will be better. Consequently, the cost of borrowing tends to decrease.

What Is Modern Town Planning Environmental Sciences Essay

â€Å" Modern town planning originated in Britain in the nineteenth century following a figure of urban reformists showing concern about the wellness and environmental conditions developing in towns and metropoliss following the Industrial Revolution. † ( Western Australian Planning Commission, 2007 ) . Planning, it ‘s non an easy word to specify, with it holding so many different significances to the one word. Although in the context in which this essay will discourse, Planning, or more specifically, Town Planning is the direction of land usage and the development in which, through the execution of policies and statutory procedures. These policies and processes enable the land to prolong growing and guarantee the balance between the communities and their surrounding environments. Planing involves the balance of the built environment and the natural environment therefore bettering on economic, societal and environment issues for the present every bit good as the hereafter. The two cardinal constituents of planning, involve Strategic Planning and Statutory Planning. Strategic Planning, involves the local and province authorities which focuses on the long term and regional planning of Western Australia. Strategic Planning incorporates a scope of environmental, societal and issues within the provinces substructure. Statutory Planning, acts as the legal operate in planning. Regulations and statute laws guarantee that appropriate land use and development controls are in topographic point and effectual manage the procedure of the land usage and development in the urban and regional planning countries. Western Australia ‘s planning system is based on five chief constituents those of which involve the followers, Strong and simple statute law ; centralised statutory and regional planning ; subdivision control and facilitation of local planning ; reliable support for metropolitan betterment and statutory authorization to exert powers, allocate resources an d supply advice based on adept professional support of a section of province. These â€Å" ingredients † are indispensable to this planning system which was established by the authoritiess, when they adopted the thought from Gordon Stephenson and Alastar Hepburn in 1955. Over the old ages each authorities had updated the planning system to accommodate the demands of the community for the hereafter. There are three degrees of authorities in Australia, Federal, States and local, each with a specific function and duty in relation to planning. The federal Government by and large deals with any planning issues that involve be aftering on a national degree. That is regional planning, be aftering which concerns parts that cross provinces and/or territory boundaries. The Federal Government besides has the duty for organizing a national attack to environmental and industry type development affairs. Besides The Fed Gov. is responsible for guaranting that Australia ‘s international duties are met. And that all parts of the Australian statute law are satisfied. The federal Government ‘s Planning powers are limitless ; where as the Local and State authoritiess be aftering powers are non. State and Territory authoritiess have primary duties that revolve around those of forest planning and land direction, where the environments are at interest. State Governments, are by and large involved with strategic planning, which is the designation of coveted or future land usage. ( Williams, 2008, p.41 ) Local authoritiess have duties for local land usage planning within a regional context. By and large most planning duties and determinations are made at a local authorities degree. Structure programs are an built-in portion of the planning procedure. Although non ever a statutory demand, they provide a model for the co-ordinated proviso of services, substructure, land usage and development. They are besides used by the WAPC and local authoritiess to assist do determinations about the subdivision and development of land. Structure programs are being used progressively by contrivers to assist organize land usage and development. They help contrivers see rezoning, subdivision and development applications. The WAPC has adopted construction programs for assorted parts of the State. They highlight the chances and restraints in the country of the program and can supply the footing for amendments to local planning strategies. Regional construction programs are strategic programs supplying a wide model for be aftering at the regional or sub-regional degree. They cover be aftering issues including bounds to growing in urban countries, population tendencies, employment co untries, major commercial Centres, conveyance links, substructure and service demands, environmental protection and regional unfastened infinite. They are prepared by the DPI on behalf of the WAPC and in audience with local authoritiess. Planing policies are developed and implemented by the WAPC and local authorities to supply counsel on planning, land usage and development affairs. They are a cardinal facet of town planning and are more flexible than statutory commissariats. Planing policies help the WAPC and local authoritiess to do consistent determinations on planning applications. The being of be aftering policies does non take the demand for subdivision and development applications to be considered on their virtues. A policy must spell out in clear linguistic communication how it is to run and the aims of its conditions. A policy must be made for town planning grounds. A policy made by a local authorities must non be inconsistent with WAPC policy. A policy is a usher and is non by and large included in a local planning strategy. A policy should be unfastened to public audience by advertisement and inviting entries. The WAPC and a local authorities must to the full see entries when finalizing a policy. Planing policies besides give counsel to an applier on the manner different types of development may be assessed by be aftering governments. They give information, which may help in the readying of an application or design of a peculiar undertaking. Before using a policy, the facts of an application should be considered, like the nature and location of a undertaking. An application should non be refused without consideration of the virtues of the instance. A planning policy which is applied systematically has stronger weight in an appeal state of affairs. The State Administrative Tribunal has recognised the function and significance of planning policy and has accepted that it is non necessary for town planning policies to be given formal legal position.

International Students and the Right of Working While...

International students and the right of working while studying in USA International students should be granted the right to work while studying in the United States because they need to develop skills they are learning in school through practice such as communication skill, be able to cater for their living expenses, gain experience of the fields they are preparing to work in and make contribution in the country’s growth for good recommendation. International students should be allowed to work while studying but, in line with the courses they pursuing and under regulated conditions to ensure quality is gained and delivered. Giving international students a permit to work-off campus offers them a chance to interact with residents at work†¦show more content†¦In addition to the high tuition fee, the students will also have to pay for their living expenses such as housing, gas, food, and utility bills. Though some international students are very rich and their parents can support all the cost without even a scholarship, some face the challenge of having to handle all the costs. Research has shown most international students are supported by scholarship. Giving International Students the right of working off-campus while studying in United States will help them cater for some parts of their living expenses (Estlud 2005 pg 188). Allowing international students to work-off campus will provide them a chance to gain experience in the field of the courses they are pursuing. Whenever students are imposed into a theory and practical training it becomes very real and first to train. Education being a two-way thing, meaning normal class teaching of theory and daily life practice for application, it helps deliver the best. Students should be given a chance to put into practice what they are being trained to improve quality and gain experience. I would strongly advocate for the concerned federal agencies and school institutions to base this on type of course the student is pursuing so that it suits the profession they will be in for the rest of their life. United States has diversified resources and this will help the students gain good experience working in such suitable environment. The international students canShow MoreRelatedEssam Mukhtar. Prof Heather S.. Eng 1250. 24 April 2017.1620 Words   |  7 PagesEssam Mukhtar Prof Heather S. ENG 1250 24 April 2017 Benefits of International Students in the USA Introduction The United States accommodates the largest pool of international students globally, with over one million students choosing to extend their education and life experience in the US. The number has grown since the 1950s and continues to grow due to the quality of teaching offered and the multi-cultured environment that allows for wholesome growth and unforgettable life experience. 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